The scientific method is an empirical method of acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century.

Scientific laws or laws of science are statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena.

Scientific drilling into the Earth is a way for scientists to probe the Earth's sediments, crust, and upper mantle.

Scepticism is generally a questioning attitude or doubt towards one or more putative instances of knowledge which are asserted to be mere belief or dogma.

Scattering parameters or S-parameters describe the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks when undergoing various steady state stimuli by electrical signals.

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is a control system architecture comprising computers, networked data communications and graphical user interfaces (GUI) for high-level process supervisory management, while also comprising other peripheral devices like programmable logic controllers (PLC) and discrete proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers to interface with process plant or machinery.

Scattering is a term used in physics to describe a wide range of physical processes where moving particles or radiation of some form, such as light or sound, is forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities (including particles and radiation) in the medium through which they pass.

A type of vertical axis wind turbine that creates torque on a rotating shaft. Invented by the Finnish engineer Sigurd Johannes Savonius

The saturation temperature is the temperature for a corresponding saturation pressure at which a liquid boils into its vapor phase.

Saturation pressure is the pressure for a corresponding saturation temperature at which a liquid boils into its vapor phase.

Saturated steam is steam that is in equilibrium with heated water at the same pressure, i.e., it has not been heated above the boiling point for its pressure.

Saturable absorption is a property of materials where the absorption of light decreases with increasing light intensity.

Sand boils or sand volcanoes occur when water under pressure wells up through a bed of sand. Sand boils can be a mechanism contributing to liquefaction and levee failure during floods.

A commonly seen unit of sampling rate is Hz, which stands for Hertz and means "samples per second".

Saltcrete is a mixture of cement with salts and brine, usually originating from liquid waste treatment plants.

A depletion of the amount of ozone in the earths atmosphere which reduces the eaths protection from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the Sun.

Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8.

Gas (SG) engines and multi-fuel (DF) engines can be equipped with oxidation catalysts for the abatement of carbon monoxide (CO) and/or hydrocarbon (HC) emissions.

Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state of an atom, an ion, or of certain atoms in a molecule.

When the voltage in a circuit or part of it is raised above its upper design limit, this is known as overvoltage.