Thermal conversion processes use heat as the dominant mechanism to upgrade biomass into a better and more practical fuel.

Biomass heating systems generate heat from biomass.

Gasification is a process that converts biomass into gases. This is achieved by reacting the feedstock material at high temperatures (typically >700 °C), without combustion, via controlling the amount of oxygen and/or steam present in the reaction.

The main waste energy feedstocks are wood waste, agricultural waste, municipal solid waste, manufacturing waste, landfill gas and sewage sludge.

Biomass energy is energy generated or produced by living or once-living organisms. The energy from these organisms can be burned to create heat or converted into electricity.

A process that upgrades raw biomass to higher grade fuels.

Chemical processes are used to convert biomass into other forms, such as to produce a fuel that is more practical to store, transport and use, or to exploit some property of the process itself.

Biomass is plant or animal material used as fuel to produce electricity or heat.

Biologic carbon sequestration refers to storage of atmospheric carbon in vegetation, soils, woody products, and aquatic environments.

Bioliquids are liquid fuels made from biomass for energy purposes other than transport (i.e. heating and electricity).

Biogasoline or biopetrol (British English) is a type of gasoline produced from biomass such as algae.

Biogas is the result of treating organic matter in digesters or through other decomposing processes.

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless dangerous flammable gas that is slightly less dense than air.

Carbon fixation or сarbon assimilation is the process by which inorganic carbon (particularly in the form of carbon dioxide) is converted to organic compounds by living organisms.

Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring gas in the atmosphere. It is also produced by burning fossil fuels which is described as a "greenhouse" gas which is extremely detrimental to the environment. Greenhouse gases are on the increase but are being offset by the increasing use of renewable energies.

The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth.

A carbon credit is a generic term for any tradable certificate or permit representing the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide or the equivalent amount of a different greenhouse gas.

A process of capturing waste CO2 from industry and storing in a method where it is not released into the atmosphere.

The carbon bubble is a hypothesized bubble in the valuation of companies dependent on fossil-fuel-based energy production, because the true costs of carbon dioxide in intensifying global warming are not yet taken into account in a company's stock market valuation.

Capital expenditures are funds used by a company to acquire, upgrade, and maintain physical assets such as property, plants, buildings, technology, or equipment.